Browse by level
A171 topics
- · Three Genders & How to Recognise Them
- · No Articles (definiteness from context)
- · Nominative Case — Subject & Citation
- · Accusative Case + the Animacy Rule
A263 topics
- · Aspect — The Perfective/Imperfective Concept
- · Recognising Aspect Pairs (pisati/napisati)
- · Perfectivisation by Prefix (pisati → napisati)
- · Imperfectivisation by Suffix — Intro (-avati/-ivati)
B163 topics
- · Prefix Meanings & Aspect (na-, po-, pro-, za-, iz-)
- · Secondary Imperfectives (-ava-/-iva-/-va-)
- · Suppletive & Irregular Aspect Pairs (reći/govoriti, uzeti/uzimati)
- · Biaspectual Verbs (ručati, telefonirati, čuti)
B258 topics
- · Telicity & Aspect (completion vs process)
- · General-Factual Imperfective (Jesi li čitao…?)
- · Habitual & Iterative Aspect
- · Prefix Semantics — Advanced (raz-, s-, do-, pre-, pri-)
C130 topics
- · Case Precision — Advanced & Idiomatic Choices
- · Participial & Absolute Constructions
- · Information Structure & Word Order — Advanced
- · Dislocation, Afterthought & Ellipsis
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All 285 croatian grammar topics
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- Three Genders & How to Recognise Them
- No Articles (definiteness from context)
- Nominative Case — Subject & Citation
- Accusative Case + the Animacy Rule
- Genitive Case — Formation
- Genitive for Possession
- Genitive of Negation
- Genitive after Quantity Words
- The Seven-Case System — Overview
- Dative Case — Formation & Recipient
- Dative for Direction Towards a Person
- Locative Case — Formation (always with a preposition)
- Instrumental Case — Formation & Means
- Vocative Case — Formation (-e / -u / -o; palatalization)
- Vocative — Usage in Address & Greetings
- Singular Case Endings — Overview by Gender
- Case Questions (tko/što in each case)
- The Croatian Alphabet (gajica, 30 letters)
- The Digraphs lj, nj, dž (one sound each)
- The Distinction č vs ć
- The Distinction dž vs đ
- The Jat Reflex ije/je — Introduction (ijekavian)
- Sound Alternations — Preview (sibilarization & palatalization)
- Capitalization (lower-case days, months, nationalities)
- Spelling Basics & Simple Compounds
- u / na — Accusative (motion) vs Locative (location)
- s / sa + Instrumental (with)
- od / do / iz + Genitive (from / to / out of)
- k / prema + Dative (towards)
- o + Locative (about)
- za + Accusative (for)
- u / na in Time Expressions (u ponedjeljak, na ljeto)
- Personal Pronouns — Nominative (ja, ti, on…)
- Personal Pronouns — Clitic vs Full (me/mene, mi/meni)
- Possessive Pronouns (moj, tvoj, naš…)
- The Reflexive Possessive svoj
- Demonstratives ovaj / taj / onaj (three-way)
- Interrogatives tko (who) vs što (what)
- Question Words (gdje, kamo, kada, zašto, kako)
- Reflexive Pronoun se / sebe — Introduction
- Third-Person Possessives (njegov, njezin, njihov)
- ti vs Vi (informal vs formal address)
- Greetings (Dobar dan, Bok, Doviđenja)
- Politeness Words (molim, hvala, oprostite, izvolite)
- Cardinal Numbers 1–100
- Days & Months (lower-case)
- Telling Time — Basic (Koliko je sati?)
- Basic Word Order (SVO) + Clitic-Second Intro
- Yes/No Questions (Je li…?, Da li…?, …li…?)
- Wh-Questions (Tko? Što? Gdje? Kada?)
- Negation & Double Negation — Introduction
- Coordinating Conjunctions (i, a, ali, ili)
- Basic Subordinators (da, jer)
- The Verb biti (to be) — Present (jesam)
- biti — Clitic Present (sam, si, je…)
- Negation of biti (nisam, nisi, nije…)
- Present Tense — a-Class Verbs (-am)
- Present Tense — i-Class Verbs (-im)
- Present Tense — e-Class Verbs (-em)
- The Verb htjeti (to want) — Present (hoću / ću)
- The Verb moći (can / be able) — Present
- Verb Negation with ne
- Present for Near-Future & Habitual
- biti as Copula + Predicate Noun/Adjective
- Possession: imati / nemati (to have / not to have)
- Modal Verbs + Infinitive (moći, morati, htjeti)
- Infinitive vs da + Present — Introduction
- sviđati se (to like) + Dative Experiencer
- trebati (to need / should) — Basic
- Reflexive se — Introduction (zvati se, osjećati se)
- Aspect Awareness — Perfective ↔ Imperfective Pairs
- Aspect — The Perfective/Imperfective Concept
- Recognising Aspect Pairs (pisati/napisati)
- Perfectivisation by Prefix (pisati → napisati)
- Imperfectivisation by Suffix — Intro (-avati/-ivati)
- Aspect in the Perfekt (čitao sam vs pročitao sam)
- Aspect in the Present (only imperfective is true present)
- Aspect with the Imperative (Pij! vs Popij!)
- Aspect with Phase Verbs (početi + imperfective)
- Adjective–Noun Agreement — Nominative
- Definite vs Indefinite Adjective — Nominative Contrast
- Adjective Agreement in the Oblique Cases
- Full Singular Declension Across All Cases
- Comparative — Formation (-iji / -ji / -ši)
- Superlative — Formation (naj- + comparative)
- Comparison: "than" (od + genitive / nego)
- Irregular Comparison (dobar→bolji, velik→veći)
- Comparison of Adverbs (brzo→brže)
- Plural Nominative by Gender (-i / -e / -a)
- The Long Plural of Short Masculines (-ovi/-evi)
- Genitive Plural (-a / -ī / -∅)
- Fleeting a in the Genitive Plural (sestara, djevojaka)
- Dative/Locative/Instrumental Plural Syncretism (-ima/-ama)
- Accusative Plural
- Adjective Agreement in the Plural
- Plural Declension — Overview Grid
- Large Cardinal Numbers (sto, tisuća, milijun)
- The Counted Form after 2/3/4 (dva stola, tri knjige)
- Genitive Plural after 5+ (pet stolova)
- jedan as an Adjective (jedan, jedna, jedno)
- Declining dva / tri / četiri
- Ordinal Numbers (prvi, drugi, treći)
- Dates & Advanced Time (Koji je datum? pola, do, i)
- Two-Case Prepositions u / na — Consolidation
- o / po + Locative
- Instrumental Prepositions (s, pred, nad, pod, među)
- pred / nad / pod / među — Acc (motion) vs Ins (location)
- kod + Genitive (at someone's / by)
- More Genitive Prepositions (bez, za vrijeme, blizu, oko, ispod, iznad)
- prema / k(a) + Dative — Consolidation
- Accusative Clitic Pronouns (me, te, ga, je, nas…)
- Dative Clitic Pronouns (mi, ti, mu, joj, nam…)
- Clitic Ordering — Introduction (DAT before ACC)
- Stressed (Full) Pronoun Forms in Oblique Cases
- Reflexive se / sebi / sebe — Usage
- The Relative/Interrogative koji — Introduction
- Indefinite Pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)
- Negative Pronouns (nitko, ništa) + Double Negation
- Clitic Second-Position Rules (Wackernagel)
- Obligatory Double Negation (ni-words + ne)
- Time Clauses with kad(a) (when)
- Open Conditional with ako (if)
- Cause & Concession (jer, zato što, iako, dok)
- Indirect Questions — Introduction (Ne znam gdje je)
- da-Clauses (Mislim da…; Hoću da…)
- Perfekt (Past) — Formation
- Perfekt — l-Participle Gender/Number Agreement
- Perfekt — Negation (nisam radio)
- Perfekt — Auxiliary Placement & je-Drop with se
- Futur I — Formation (radit ću / ću raditi)
- Futur I — Negation (neću raditi)
- Imperative — 2sg & 2pl (Radi! Radite!)
- Imperative — 1pl "Let's…" (Idemo! Radimo!)
- Futur I for Plans & Predictions
- Prefix Meanings & Aspect (na-, po-, pro-, za-, iz-)
- Secondary Imperfectives (-ava-/-iva-/-va-)
- Suppletive & Irregular Aspect Pairs (reći/govoriti, uzeti/uzimati)
- Biaspectual Verbs (ručati, telefonirati, čuti)
- Aspect in the Future Tenses (futur I & II)
- Aspect in the Conditional
- Aspect under Negation (Nisam pisao vs Nisam napisao)
- Aspect with Phase & Modal Verbs
- Iterative vs Semelfactive (kucati vs kucnuti)
- Genitive — Partitive & Temporal Uses
- Dative — Experiencer, Benefactive & Possessive
- Instrumental — Means, Manner, Time & Path
- Locative vs Accusative — Precision (location vs goal)
- Genitive-Governing Verbs (bojati se, sjećati se)
- Dative-Governing Verbs (pomoći, vjerovati, smetati)
- Instrumental-Governing Verbs (baviti se, koristiti se)
- Case in Apposition & Titles (gradu Zagrebu)
- The ije/je Alternation in Inflection & Derivation
- Sibilarization & Palatalization in Declension
- Fleeting a (nepostojano a)
- The l/o Alternation
- Jotation (j-Merger)
- Word Formation - Basic Suffixes
- Comma Rules
- Ekavian as Contrast - Recognition
- Clitic Cluster — Full Ordering (AUX–DAT–ACC–se–je)
- je-Drop with se (nasmijao se, not se je)
- The Interrogative li — Separate from the Cluster
- koji — Full Declension & Relative Use
- Relative tko / što / čiji
- Indefinite Pronouns — Full Set (netko, gdjekoji, bilo tko, svatko)
- Negative Pronouns — Full Set + Prepositions (ni od koga)
- Possessive Dative (Majka mi je…) vs Possessive Pronoun
- Relative Clauses with koji
- Relative što for a Whole-Clause Antecedent
- Indirect Questions (Ne znam gdje je / dolazi li)
- Reported Speech (Rekao je da…)
- Conditional Sentences — Real vs Unreal
- Purpose Clauses with da / kako bi
- Concessive Clauses (iako, premda, makar)
- Temporal Connectors — Advanced (čim, prije nego, nakon što, otkad)
- Cause & Consequence (budući da, stoga, zbog toga)
- Paired Connectors (i… i; ili… ili; ni… ni; ne samo… nego i)
- Additive & Adversative (osim toga, međutim, naprotiv, štoviše)
- Word Order for Emphasis — Introduction
- Futur II — Formation (budem + l-participle)
- Pluskvamperfekt — Past-before-Past
- Aorist — Formation & Use
- Imperfekt — Formation & Use
- Kondicional I — Formation (bih + l-participle)
- Kondicional II — Past Counterfactual
- Passive Voice — trpni pridjev (Kuća je sagrađena)
- Se-Passive / Impersonal (Ovdje se govori hrvatski)
- Passive Participle — Formation (-n / -t: napisan, otvoren)
- Choosing Past Tenses in Narrative
- Motion Verbs — Prefixed Perfectives (doći, otići, ući, izaći)
- ići vs hodati / šetati (go vs walk)
- Motion Verbs + Direction Prepositions (u/na/k + case)
- Reflexive se — Types (true / reciprocal / middle / inherent)
- Modal Verbs — Full System (morati, moći, smjeti, trebati)
- da + Present vs Infinitive — Standard Usage
- Verb Government with Prepositions (misliti na, čekati na)
- Impersonal Constructions (treba, valja, ima + genitive)
- Telicity & Aspect (completion vs process)
- General-Factual Imperfective (Jesi li čitao…?)
- Habitual & Iterative Aspect
- Prefix Semantics — Advanced (raz-, s-, do-, pre-, pri-)
- Aktionsart (ingressive, terminative, distributive)
- Aspect Choice in Infinitive & da-Clauses
- Aspect in the Negative Imperative (Nemoj pisati)
- Aspect Gaps & Imperfectiva/Perfectiva Tantum
- Genitive — Advanced (qualitative, partitive, temporal)
- Instrumental — Advanced (Predicate, Manner, Comparison)
- Definite/Indefinite Adjective — Oblique Short Form (dobra vs dobroga)
- Dative & Locative — Advanced Uses
- Multiple Modifiers & Apposition in Cases
- Case in Numeral Phrases (s petoricom, oba/obje)
- Animacy — Advanced (collectives, A=G in pronouns/numbers)
- Vocative — Advanced (Names, Surnames, Fixed Expressions)
- Full Wackernagel Placement (after first phrase vs first word)
- je / se Interaction & Final je
- Clitics with Negation, Modals & Infinitive
- Ethical & Possessive Dative Clitics
- li Placement — Advanced (separate from the cluster)
- Common Clitic-Order Errors & Fixes
- Proclisis vs Enclisis (sentence-initial constraints)
- Long Clitic Clusters & Stacking (Dao mi ga je)
- ije/je — Advanced (Derivation, Comparatives, Prefixes)
- Sound Alternations in Derivation
- Consonant Assimilation (jednačenje by Voicing & Place)
- Dialect Groups (kajkavian, čakavian, štokavian)
- Spoken vs Written Croatian — Full Features
- False Friends (with Slovenian, Serbian, Czech, English)
- Anglicisms & Their Integration (kompjutor/računalo, lajkati)
- Word Formation — Advanced Suffixes (-telj, -stvo, -ština, -onica)
- Relative Clauses — Oblique koji / čiji / kome
- Verbal-Adverb Clauses (glagolski prilog — clause reduction)
- Cleft & Focus Constructions (Upravo je on…)
- Word Order & Information Structure
- Concession — Advanced (bez obzira na to što, makar)
- Discourse Markers (naime, dakle, uostalom, zapravo)
- Reformulation & Addition (drugim riječima, osim toga, štoviše)
- Text-Structuring Connectors (kao prvo, s jedne strane, zaključno)
- Nominalization & Clause Compression (čitanje knjige)
- Passive with trpni pridjev — Full Range & Agent
- Se-Passive vs trpni Passive — Choice
- Kondicional — Full Range (politeness, habit-in-past, wish)
- Futur II in Subordinate Clauses (kad budem…)
- Aorist & Imperfekt — Stylistic & Narrative Use
- Tense & Mood Sequence in Complex Sentences
- Pluskvamperfekt — Usage & Narrative
- Mood Overview — Indicative / Imperative / Conditional
- Conditional in Reported & Polite Speech
- Verbal Adverb Present (-ći)
- Verbal Adverb Past (-vši)
- Verb Government — Advanced (case + preposition rection)
- Impersonal Predicates — Advanced (treba, valja, ima/nema + gen)
- Reflexive vs Passive vs Impersonal se — Contrast
- Modal Nuance — smjeti / morati / trebati / moći
- Phase & Aspectual Verbs (početi, prestati, nastaviti) + Aspect
- Infinitive Constructions (subject inf, impersonal inf)
- Case Precision — Advanced & Idiomatic Choices
- Participial & Absolute Constructions
- Information Structure & Word Order — Advanced
- Dislocation, Afterthought & Ellipsis
- Clitic Placement in Complex Sentences
- Subject Omission & Pro-Drop — Advanced
- Advanced Cohesion (slijedom toga, s obzirom na to, utoliko)
- Argumentation Connectors (doduše, naime, pritom, naprotiv)
- Evidentiality & Stance (navodno, tobože, kao da, valjda)
- Discourse Particles — Advanced (pa, ma, ipak, baš, valjda)
- Correlative & Multi-Part Connectors — Advanced
- Genre-Specific Cohesion (essay, report, narrative)
- Literary Register & Style (inversion, archaisms, expressivity)
- Official, Legal & Administrative Croatian
- Journalistic Style (headlines, attribution, condensation)
- Irony, Understatement & Litotes
- Register-Based Synonym & Variant Choice
- Purism & the Standard Norm (računalo vs kompjutor)
- Aspect in Discourse & Narrative Cohesion
- Subtle Aspect — Minimal Pairs & Register
- Aktionsart — Advanced (prefix stacking, sub-event types)
- Complex Mood + Tense Interactions (bio bih došao da…)
- Archaic & Literary Verb Forms (aorist/imperfekt in style)
- Subtle Modal Nuance (trebao bi / morao bi / smio bi)
- Derivation — Rival Suffixes, Nuance & Connotation
- Aspect-Forming Suffixes in Derivation (-ava-/-iva-/-nu-)
- Compounds & Hyphenation (interfix o/e; spojnica)
- Neologisms & Anglicism Integration
- Paronyms & č/ć Minimal Pairs
- Prefixation Semantics (spatial, aspectual, intensive)
What the croatian guide covers
Cases (40) · Verb tenses (40) · Aspect (28) · Verb usage (25) · Syntax (24) · Pronouns (19) · Connectors (19) · Orthography (17) · Clitics (16) · Prepositions (14) · Register (13) · Numbers dates time (10) · Agreement (10) · Vocabulary usage (10)
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