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A172 topics
- · Present Tense - To Be (am / is / are)
- · Present Tense - To Have (have / has)
- · Present Simple - Regular Verbs
- · Present Simple - Third Person Singular -s/-es/-ies
A260 topics
- · Past Continuous (was/were + -ing)
- · Past Simple vs Past Continuous
- · Present Perfect - Introduction
- · `be going to` Future - Full Use
B165 topics
- · Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- · Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + -ing)
- · Present Perfect Simple vs Continuous
- · Past Perfect (had + past participle)
B270 topics
- · Past Perfect Continuous - Nuance
- · Future Perfect Continuous
- · `be about to / be on the verge of / be on the point of`
- · `be due to / be to + inf` (Scheduled / Formal Future)
C133 topics
- · Subjunctive in Formal English
- · Mandative Subjunctive with Suggest/Demand/Recommend/Insist
- · Future in Formal Register (shall, be to + inf)
- · Rare Tense Uses for Speculation
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- Present Tense - To Be (am / is / are)
- Present Tense - To Have (have / has)
- Present Simple - Regular Verbs
- Present Simple - Third Person Singular -s/-es/-ies
- Present Continuous (am/is/are + -ing)
- Present Simple vs Continuous - Basic Distinction
- Past Simple - To Be (was / were)
- Past Simple - Regular Verbs (-ed)
- Past Simple - Common Irregular Verbs
- Future with `be going to` - Plans and Predictions from Evidence
- Imperative Form - Affirmative
- Suggestions with `Let's`
- Verbs of Preference + -ing
- `want / would like` + to-infinitive
- `have got` vs `have` - Possession
- `can` - Ability and Permission (basic)
- `do` as Auxiliary vs Main Verb
- Short Answers
- `be` for Age, Weather, Hunger, Feelings
- Common Contractions
- `there is / there are` - Existence
- Indefinite Article: `a` vs `an`
- Indefinite (a/an) vs Definite (the) - Basic Introduction
- Zero Article with Plural Generic Nouns
- Zero Article with Uncountable Generic Nouns
- `the` with Unique Things
- Demonstratives (this / that / these / those)
- Possessive Adjectives
- `some` vs `any` - Basic
- `much / many / a lot of` with Countables and Uncountables
- Numerals as Determiners
- Subject Pronouns
- Object Pronouns
- Possessive Pronouns
- Reflexive Pronouns - Introduction
- Demonstrative Pronouns
- Interrogative Pronouns (who, what, which)
- Dummy `it` for Weather, Time, Distance
- Dummy `there` for Existence
- Time Prepositions: `in` / `on` / `at`
- Place Prepositions: `in` / `on` / `at`
- Direction: `to`
- Origin: `from`
- `with` - Accompaniment and Instrument
- `for` - Purpose and Duration (basic)
- `of` - Possession and Relationship (basic)
- `about` - Topic
- `by` - Means of Transport and Near
- Coordination: `and` (addition)
- Coordination: `but` (contrast)
- Coordination: `or` (alternative)
- Subordination: `because` (cause)
- Coordination: `so` (consequence)
- Basic Word Order (SVO)
- Yes/No Questions with `be`
- Yes/No Questions with `do / does`
- Wh-Questions (what, where, when, why, who, how)
- Frequency Adverbs Position
- Negation with `be`
- Negation with `do / does / don't / doesn't`
- `there is / are` in Questions and Negatives
- Negative Imperative
- Capitalization Basics
- Apostrophe in Contractions
- Apostrophe for Possessive `'s`
- Plural Spelling
- Basic Punctuation
- Recognising Cognates (EN vs L1)
- Cardinal Numbers 1-100
- Days, Months and Seasons
- Telling Time - Basic
- Greetings (Hello / Hi / Good morning / Goodbye / Bye / See you)
- Past Continuous (was/were + -ing)
- Past Simple vs Past Continuous
- Present Perfect - Introduction
- `be going to` Future - Full Use
- `will` Future - Basic
- Present Continuous for Arranged Future
- Present Simple for Scheduled Future
- `used to` for Past Habits and States
- Present Simple vs Continuous - Stative Verbs
- `can / could` - Ability (present vs past)
- `should` - Advice and Recommendation
- `must` - Obligation and Strong Necessity (basic)
- `might / may` - Possibility
- `have to / has to` - External Obligation
- Phrasal Verbs - Introduction
- Gerund as Subject
- Infinitive of Purpose
- Verb + -ing after Preposition
- Countable vs Uncountable Nouns
- `the` with Superlatives
- `the` with Geographical Names vs Zero Article
- Zero Article with Meals, Languages, Sports
- `some / any` in Offers and Requests
- `a little / a few` vs `little / few`
- `enough` with Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs
- `all / every / each` - Introduction
- `(an)other / the other / (the) others`
- Reflexive Pronouns - Full
- Reciprocal `each other / one another` - Introduction
- Indefinite Compounds (someone/anything/nothing/everywhere...)
- Relative Pronouns `who / which / that` - Introduction (defining)
- Possessive Adjective vs Possessive Pronoun
- `one / ones` as Substitute
- `it` vs `there` - Choosing Correctly
- Place Prepositions - Advanced
- Movement Prepositions
- Time: `during / while / for / since`
- `by` - Means and Agent Introduction
- `without` + Noun / + -ing
- `instead of` + Noun / + -ing
- `because of / due to` + Noun
- `for` + -ing (Function / Purpose of a Tool)
- Question Tags - Introduction
- Negative Questions
- Indirect / Embedded Questions - Introduction
- Exclamatives with `What` and `How`
- Comparison of Equality: `as ... as`
- Comparatives (-er / more + than)
- Superlatives (-est / most)
- `too` + adjective + to-inf / `enough` + to-inf
- Zero and First Conditional - Introduction
- Time Subordinators (when, as soon as, before, after, until)
- Spelling Rules (-y → -ies, consonant doubling)
- Silent Letters Awareness
- Basic Homophones
- British vs American Spelling
- Politeness with `could / would`
- Common False Friends
- Large Numbers, Fractions, Percentages
- Dates in British vs American English
- Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + -ing)
- Present Perfect Simple vs Continuous
- Past Perfect (had + past participle)
- Past Perfect Continuous (had been + -ing)
- Future Continuous (will be + -ing)
- Future Perfect (will have + past participle)
- Future in the Past (was going to / would)
- `going to` vs `will` - Nuance
- Narrative Tenses - Introduction
- Stative vs Dynamic Verbs - Advanced
- `could` vs `was/were able to`
- `had to` - Past Obligation
- `must` vs `have to` - Internal vs External
- `need to / needn't` - Necessity and Absence of Necessity
- Phrasal Verbs - Separable vs Inseparable
- Causative `have / get` something done
- `used to` vs `would` vs `be/get used to`
- `get`-Passive - Introduction
- Verb + Gerund or Infinitive - Introduction
- Verb Patterns: Gerund-only vs Infinitive-only Verbs
- Zero Conditional - Full
- First Conditional - Full
- Second Conditional - Full
- `wish / if only` + Past Simple - Present Regret/Desire
- `unless` - Introduction
- Passive - Present Simple and Continuous
- Passive - Past Simple and Continuous
- Passive with Modals
- Passive - Present Perfect
- Defining Relative Clauses (who, which, that)
- Non-defining Relative Clauses - Introduction
- Relative `whose`
- Relative `where / when / why`
- Omitting the Relative Pronoun (object)
- Reported Speech - Tense Backshift
- Reported Questions
- Reported Commands and Requests
- `say` vs `tell`
- Reporting Verbs with `that`-Clause
- Common Verb + Preposition Combinations
- Adjective + Preposition
- Noun + Preposition
- Phrasal Prepositions
- Time: `by / until / within / throughout`
- Dependent Prepositions with Meaning Shift
- `although / though / even though` (Concession)
- `despite / in spite of` + Noun / -ing
- `however / nevertheless` (Sentence Adverbials)
- `whereas / while` - Contrast
- `as soon as / until / by the time`
- `as / because / since` - Cause
- `so that / in order to / in order that` - Purpose
- `both ... and / neither ... nor / either ... or` (Correlative)
- Order of Multiple Adjectives
- Adverb Placement
- Subject-Verb Agreement - Complex Cases
- Question Words with Prepositions
- Commas with Subordinate Clauses
- `its` vs `it's` (possessive vs contraction)
- Hyphenation of Compound Adjectives
- British vs American Vocabulary - Introduction
- Common English Collocations
- Word Formation: Common Suffixes
- Compound Nouns
- Past Perfect Continuous - Nuance
- Future Perfect Continuous
- `be about to / be on the verge of / be on the point of`
- `be due to / be to + inf` (Scheduled / Formal Future)
- `will / would` for Habitual Behaviour
- Narrative Tense Mix for Stylistic Effect
- Sequence of Tenses in Subordinate Clauses
- Perfect Aspect in Storytelling
- Gerund vs Infinitive with Meaning Change
- Verb + Object + to-Infinitive
- Causative Advanced: `make / let / have` + Bare Infinitive
- `help` + (to-)Infinitive / Bare Infinitive
- `prefer / would prefer / would rather` - Comparison Structures
- Negative Infinitive and Negative Gerund
- Perfect Infinitive (to have done)
- Passive Infinitive
- Perfect Gerund
- Third Conditional
- Mixed Conditionals
- Inverted Conditionals
- Conditional Connectors
- `wish / if only` - Past Regret / Future Wish
- `must have + past participle` - Past Deduction
- `can't / couldn't have + pp` - Negative Past Deduction
- `might / may / could + have + pp` - Past Possibility
- `should have / shouldn't have + pp` - Regret / Unfulfilled Expectation
- `would have + past participle` - Counterfactual
- `needn't have done` vs `didn't need to do`
- `would rather / had better / it's (high) time`
- `shall` in Questions and Offers
- `ought to` vs `should` - Nuance and Register
- Modal + Continuous / Passive / Perfect Infinitive Combinations
- Passive with Reporting Verbs
- `get`-Passive - Full Use
- Passive - Perfect and Continuous
- Passive of Phrasal Verbs
- Causative Variations
- Reduced Relative Clauses (Participle)
- Relative Clauses with Prepositions
- Nominal Relative Clauses
- Sentence-Modifying `which`
- Reported Speech without Backshift
- Reporting Verbs with Varied Complementation
- Free Indirect Speech - Introduction
- Mixed Reporting Forms
- Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
- Three-word (Phrasal-Prepositional) Verbs
- Phrasal Verbs with Multiple Meanings
- Phrasal Verbs - Register
- Separability Rules - Advanced
- Cleft Sentences (It + be)
- Pseudo-Cleft Sentences (What + ...)
- Inversion after Negative Adverbials
- Inversion in Conditionals (Formal)
- `so / such ... that` Result Clauses
- Emphatic `do / does / did`
- Fronting for Topic or Focus
- Ellipsis in Coordination
- Adverbial Participle Clauses
- Advanced Concession
- Advanced Consequence
- Advanced Addition
- Advanced Contrast
- Sequencing and Enumeration
- Formal vs Informal Register Shift
- British vs American Grammar Differences
- Academic English - Introduction
- Advanced Collocations
- Advanced False Friends
- Nominalisation Patterns
- Subjunctive in Formal English
- Mandative Subjunctive with Suggest/Demand/Recommend/Insist
- Future in Formal Register (shall, be to + inf)
- Rare Tense Uses for Speculation
- Progressive for Temporary or Changing States
- Habitual Aspect with `will / would` — Advanced Nuances
- `would` for Characteristic Behaviour and Mild Hypothesis
- Modal Hedging (I would say / It could be argued / One might suggest)
- Epistemic vs Deontic Modality — Boundary Cases
- `may well / might well / could well` and Pragmatic Softening
- Advanced Inversion — Full Treatment
- Cleft Variations (All I want is, The reason is, It-cleft types)
- Fronting for Contrast and Topic — Advanced
- Left and Right Dislocation — Informal
- Ellipsis and Substitution (so / do so / one / ones)
- Postponed Subjects with `it` / `there`
- Non-finite Clauses as Sentence Reducers
- Emphatic Structures beyond Cleft
- Extended Noun Phrases
- Literary Register and Style
- Journalistic Style
- Academic English — Full Treatment
- Business English Register
- Irony, Understatement, and Litotes
- Euphemism
- Register-Based Synonym Selection
- Article Precision: Generic Reference
- Idiomatic Zero Article
- Prepositions in Abstract / Figurative Relations
- Collocation Precision (strong vs weak)
- Paronyms and Near-Homonyms
- Advanced Punctuation
- Advanced Capitalization
What the english guide covers
Verb usage (75) · Syntax (47) · Verb tenses (34) · Connectors (30) · Prepositions (24) · Articles determiners (19) · Pronouns (15) · Orthography (14) · Vocabulary usage (8) · Phrasal verbs (7) · Register style (7) · Register (6) · Numbers dates time (5) · Modals (4) · Articles (2) · Vocabulary (2) · Agreement (1)
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