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A174 topics
- · Present Tense - Regular Weak Verbs
- · Present Tense - Stem-Changing e→i Verbs (geben, nehmen, essen)
- · Present Tense - Stem-Changing e→ie Verbs (sehen, lesen, empfehlen)
- · Present Tense - Stem-Changing a→ä Verbs (fahren, schlafen, tragen)
A265 topics
- · Perfekt with haben
- · Perfekt with sein (motion, state change, sein/bleiben/werden)
- · Perfekt - Irregular and Mixed Past Participles
- · Perfekt - Separable Verb Participles (ein-ge-kauft)
B164 topics
- · Präteritum: Full Paradigm for Narration
- · Plusquamperfekt (Past Perfect)
- · Futur II (Future Perfect, Introduction)
- · Werden-Passive (Vorgangspassiv) in Present and Past
B265 topics
- · Passive: Full Tense Paradigm
- · Futur II: Full Functional Range
- · Modal Passive in Past Tenses (Perfekt, Plusquamperfekt)
- · Aspect in German: Durative, Iterative, Progressive Nuances
C132 topics
- · 'sein' + Partizip II: Idiomatic and Dual-Reading Uses
- · Double Participle Constructions and AKK IV Patterns
- · Modal Verbs in Perfekt: Full Mastery of Ersatzinfinitiv
- · Futur II: High-Degree Epistemic / Deontic Use
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- Present Tense - Regular Weak Verbs
- Present Tense - Stem-Changing e→i Verbs (geben, nehmen, essen)
- Present Tense - Stem-Changing e→ie Verbs (sehen, lesen, empfehlen)
- Present Tense - Stem-Changing a→ä Verbs (fahren, schlafen, tragen)
- Present Tense - sein
- Present Tense - haben
- Present Tense - werden
- Present Tense - wissen and kennen
- Present Tense - Modal Verbs (können, müssen, wollen, dürfen, sollen, mögen/möchten)
- Imperative - du / ihr / Sie Forms
- Present Tense for Future Meaning (with time adverb)
- sein vs haben - Basic Distinction
- es gibt - Existence / There is/are
- können vs dürfen (ability vs permission)
- müssen vs sollen (necessity vs obligation/recommendation)
- wollen vs möchten (want vs would like)
- mögen - Liking Things
- Separable Verbs - Basic (aufstehen, einkaufen, mitkommen)
- Inseparable Verbs - Basic (verstehen, bekommen, erzählen)
- Reflexive Verbs - Basic (sich freuen, sich waschen)
- Expressing Preferences with gern / lieber / am liebsten
- Nominative - Subject Case
- Accusative - Direct Object Case
- Common Verbs Taking Accusative (haben, brauchen, sehen, kaufen)
- Definite Article der/die/das/die - Nominative & Accusative
- Indefinite Article ein/eine - Nominative & Accusative
- Negative Article kein - Nominative & Accusative
- Possessive Articles (mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer, ihr/Ihr) - Nom & Akk
- Demonstrative dieser/diese/dieses - Nom & Akk
- Grammatical Gender - Basic (der/die/das)
- Gender Clues from Noun Endings (-ung, -heit, -keit, -chen, -lein)
- Plural Formation - Main Patterns (-e, -en, -er, -s, zero)
- Plural with Umlaut (Vater → Väter, Buch → Bücher)
- Subject Pronouns (ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie)
- Accusative Pronouns (mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, sie/Sie)
- Possessive Pronouns as Determiners (mein, dein...) - Introduction
- Demonstrative das/dies (Das ist..., Dies sind...)
- Interrogative Pronouns wer / was
- welcher vs was für (ein) - Introduction
- Indefinite Pronoun man
- Impersonal es (es regnet, es ist kalt, es gibt)
- Accusative Prepositions (durch, für, gegen, ohne, um)
- Dative Prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu) - Introduction
- Location: in, an, auf - Basic Dative Uses
- nach vs zu vs in (destinations)
- Origin: aus vs von
- Time: um (Uhrzeit), am (Tag), im (Monat/Jahreszeit)
- Time: seit, vor, nach (basic)
- bei and mit (basic uses)
- Verb-Second (V2) Word Order
- Inversion after Fronted Element (Morgen gehe ich...)
- Time-Cause-Manner-Place Order (TeKaMoLo) - Basic
- Yes/No Questions (verb first)
- W-Questions (wer, was, wo, wann, wie, warum, wie viel/viele)
- Sentence Bracket (Satzklammer) with Modal + Infinitive
- Sentence Bracket with Separable Verb
- Basic Coordinating Conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn, sondern)
- Time Sequence (zuerst, dann, danach, später, schließlich)
- Negation with nicht - Basic Placement
- kein vs nicht (which to use)
- nie, niemand, nichts
- noch nicht vs nicht mehr
- Tag Questions (..., oder? / ..., nicht?)
- doch as an Answer to a Negative Question
- Capitalisation of All Nouns
- Umlauts (ä, ö, ü) and their ae/oe/ue Substitutes
- ß vs ss (1996 Reform Basics)
- Basic Punctuation (period, question mark, comma after main clauses)
- du vs Sie
- Formal Greetings (Guten Tag, Auf Wiedersehen)
- Informal Greetings (Hallo, Hi, Tschüss, Servus, Grüezi)
- Recognising Cognates (DE-EN)
- Cardinal Numbers 1-100 (einundzwanzig pattern)
- Days, Months and Seasons
- Perfekt with haben
- Perfekt with sein (motion, state change, sein/bleiben/werden)
- Perfekt - Irregular and Mixed Past Participles
- Perfekt - Separable Verb Participles (ein-ge-kauft)
- Perfekt - No "ge-" with Inseparable Verbs and -ieren
- Präteritum of sein, haben
- Präteritum of Modal Verbs (konnte, musste, wollte...)
- Futur I (werden + infinitive)
- Past Meaning of Modals (konnte = was able / could)
- Softened Imperatives (doch mal, bitte)
- Reflexive with Accusative vs Dative (sich waschen / sich etwas kaufen)
- Semantic Patterns in Separable Prefixes (auf-, ab-, an-, aus-, ein-, mit-, zu-)
- Position Verbs (stehen/stellen, liegen/legen, hängen)
- wissen vs kennen vs können (to know)
- brauchen (nicht) zu
- lassen - Basic (leave / let / have done)
- Two Meanings of werden at A2 (to become / future)
- Duration with seit + Present
- Infinitive with zu - Basic (Ich habe Lust zu..., Es ist wichtig zu..., Ich versuche zu...)
- Dative Case (Basic Introduction)
- Common Dative-Only Verbs
- Double-Object Word Order (DAT + AKK)
- Determiners Review: Nominative, Accusative, Dative
- Dative Personal Pronouns
- Predicative Adjectives (No Ending)
- Attributive Adjectives (Introduction, NOM & AKK)
- Comparative (Basic Forms)
- Superlative (Basic Forms)
- Irregular Comparative & Superlative Forms
- Accusative Reflexive Pronouns
- Dative Reflexive Pronouns
- Relative Pronouns (NOM & AKK)
- Indefinite Pronouns: etwas, nichts, alles
- Indefinite Pronouns: jemand, niemand
- Pronouns: einer, keiner, welcher (Standalone)
- Expanded Uses of 'es'
- Reciprocal Pronouns: einander vs. uns/euch/sich
- Two-Way Prepositions: in / an / auf (Position vs Motion)
- Two-Way Prepositions: über / unter / vor / hinter / neben / zwischen
- Preposition + Article Contractions
- Accusative Temporal Expressions (für, durch, gegen, um, bis)
- Dative Temporal Expressions (vor, nach, seit, ab, von...bis, in, an, zu)
- Causal & Modal Prepositions (A2)
- 'bei' vs 'mit' (Common Confusions)
- 'zu' vs 'nach' vs 'in' (Going To)
- Genitive Prepositions: während, wegen, trotz, (an)statt (Introduction)
- Verbs with Fixed Prepositions (A2 Core Set)
- Subordinating 'weil' (because)
- Subordinating 'dass' (that)
- Subordinating 'wenn' (if / when / whenever)
- Subordinating 'obwohl' (although)
- 'als' vs 'wenn' (Past: Single vs Repeated)
- Purpose Clauses: 'damit' vs 'um ... zu'
- Causal Adverbs: 'deshalb / deswegen / darum / daher'
- Concessive Adverb 'trotzdem' (nevertheless)
- Subordinate Clauses: Verb-Final Word Order (Overview)
- Combining Main & Subordinate Clauses (Order & Inversion)
- Ordinal Numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd...)
- Large Numbers, Years, Decimals & Percent
- Time & Dates (Full Expression)
- Compound Nouns (Komposita, Introduction)
- Diminutives: -chen and -lein
- Capitalisation of Nominalised Adjectives/Verbs
- Switching Between 'du' and 'Sie' (Register Awareness)
- Common False Friends (German–English)
- Präteritum: Full Paradigm for Narration
- Plusquamperfekt (Past Perfect)
- Futur II (Future Perfect, Introduction)
- Werden-Passive (Vorgangspassiv) in Present and Past
- Passive with Modal Verbs
- Passive vs Active: Style & Register Choice
- State-Passive (Zustandspassiv) with 'sein'
- 'sein + zu + Infinitiv' (Modal-Passive Alternative)
- 'lassen' — Full Causative and Permissive Use
- 'scheinen', 'drohen', 'pflegen' + zu + Infinitiv
- Funktionsverbgefüge (Light-Verb Constructions, Introduction)
- Reflexive Verbs: Extended Inherent-Reflexive Set (B1)
- Verbs with Fixed Prepositions (Extended B1 Set)
- 'werden' — Full Meanings at B1
- 'bekommen / kriegen' Passive (Recipient Passive)
- 'gehören + Partizip II' (Prescriptive Passive)
- Participles as Adjectives (Partizip I & II Attributive)
- Extended Participle Construction (Introduction)
- Nominal Style (Nominalstil): Introduction
- Konjunktiv II: 'würde + Infinitiv' Form
- Konjunktiv II: Synthetic Forms (hätte, wäre, könnte, müsste, sollte...)
- Irreal Conditional Sentences (wenn + Konjunktiv II)
- Polite Requests with Konjunktiv II
- Wishes with 'wenn ... nur' and 'hoffentlich'
- Past Konjunktiv II (hätte/wäre + Partizip II)
- Konjunktiv I (Indirect Speech, Introduction)
- 'als ob / als wenn / als' + Konjunktiv II (Hypothetical Comparisons)
- Softening Statements with Konjunktiv II
- Genitive Case (Full B1 Treatment)
- Genitive with Proper Names (Annas Buch, Peters Auto)
- Adjective Declension: Full Table (B1)
- Strong Adjective Declension (No Article)
- N-Deklination (Weak Masculine Nouns)
- Comparative & Superlative Attributive Adjectives
- Relative Pronouns: DAT, GEN, and with Prepositions
- Generalised Relative Pronouns: 'was' and 'wo'
- Stressed Demonstrative Pronouns (der/die/das as Pronoun)
- Adjective Declension after viele/wenige/einige/manche
- Genitive Prepositions (Extended B1 Set)
- Pronominal Adverbs: da(r)- Compounds
- Pronominal Adverbs: wo(r)- Compounds (Question & Relative)
- Post-positioned DAT Prepositions: gegenüber, entgegen, zufolge
- Beneficiary / Causal: wegen, zuliebe, halber, um ... willen
- Expanded Causal / Temporal / Modal Prepositions
- Preposition or Adverb? (entlang, gegenüber, vorbei, herum)
- Fixed / Idiomatic Prepositional Phrases (B1 Set)
- Subordinating 'nachdem' (After ...)
- Subordinating 'bevor' / 'ehe' (Before ...)
- Subordinating 'seitdem' / 'solange' (Since / As long as)
- 'während' — Temporal and Contrastive
- 'sobald' (as soon as) and 'bis' (until) as Subordinators
- Means / Method: 'indem' and 'dadurch, dass'
- Two-Part Connectors: entweder...oder, weder...noch, nicht nur...sondern auch, sowohl...als auch, zwar...aber
- 'so(,) dass' — Consequence / Result
- 'je ... desto / umso ...' (The more ... the more)
- Extended 'zu + Infinitiv' Constructions (B1)
- Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo + Pronouns + Information Structure
- German Comma Rules (B1 Core)
- S-Sounds: s / ss / ß Rules (Refinement)
- Colloquial Contractions (haste, gehts, kannste, nen, ne)
- Modal Particles (ja, doch, mal, wohl, eben, halt)
- Separable Prefix Nuances (hin-/her-, weiter-, zurück-, vor-)
- Common German Idioms (B1 Core)
- Regional Varieties: Austrian & Swiss German Awareness
- Passive: Full Tense Paradigm
- Futur II: Full Functional Range
- Modal Passive in Past Tenses (Perfekt, Plusquamperfekt)
- Aspect in German: Durative, Iterative, Progressive Nuances
- State vs Process Verbs (legen/liegen, stellen/stehen, setzen/sitzen, hängen/hängen)
- Full 'haben/sein + zu + Infinitiv' (Modal Substitutes)
- Extended Participle Constructions (Full Mastery)
- Modal Verbs: Subjective vs Objective Use
- Reflexive Verbs: Subtle Meaning Shifts (B2)
- Verbs with Fixed Prepositions: Full B2 Set
- Funktionsverbgefüge: Expanded B2 Set
- 'lassen': Full Mastery at B2
- 'bleiben' + Infinitive (Stay/Remain + activity)
- 'brauchen nicht zu + Infinitiv' and Modal-like Use
- 'wissen', 'kennen', 'können' — Nuanced Distinctions (B2)
- Causative Verb Pairs (sinken/senken, liegen/legen, essen/ernähren)
- Nominal Style (Expanded): Full Transformation Patterns
- Konjunktiv I: Full Paradigm for Indirect Speech
- Konjunktiv I Perfekt: Reporting Past Statements
- Konjunktiv I Passive: Reporting Passive Actions
- Non-Realisable / Impossible Conditions (Konjunktiv II)
- Advanced Synthetic Konjunktiv II Forms (Strong Verbs)
- Konjunktiv II: Softening, Skepticism, Evidential Reporting
- Konjunktiv I in News Media: Conventions
- Konjunktiv I vs II: Rules for Switching
- Past Regret & Alternative Pasts (Konjunktiv II Perfekt)
- Nominalised Adjectives: Full Declension
- Nominalised Infinitives (Gerund-like): das Lesen, zum Lesen, beim Lesen
- Participles as Adjectives: Semantic Nuance (Partizip I vs II)
- Superlative Nuances: am liebsten, zweitgrößte, absolute vs relative
- 'irgend-' Compounds: irgendwer, irgendwas, irgendwo, irgendwann, irgendwie
- jeder / jemand / niemand / jedermann: Advanced Uses
- Demonstrative Pronouns: derjenige, derselbe, derartig
- Free-Standing Relative Pronouns: wer, was
- 'es' as Placeholder and Anticipatory Subject
- Reciprocal 'einander' with Prepositions (Full Mastery)
- Formal Genitive Prepositions (Full B2 Set)
- Wechselpräpositionen: Figurative / Idiomatic Uses
- Compound / Multi-Word Prepositions
- Verbs with Fixed Prepositions: Advanced B2 Set
- Advanced Formal Prepositions: angesichts, zuungunsten, zuzüglich, abzüglich
- Verbs of Speaking / Expression + Prepositions
- Nuanced Preposition Pairs (B2): über vs von, bis vs bis zu, seit vs seitdem
- '(an)statt zu + Infinitiv' and 'ohne zu + Infinitiv'
- 'je nachdem (ob/wie/wer/wann)' — 'Depending on'
- 'kaum dass' — 'As soon as / hardly had X when Y'
- Conditional Alternatives: vorausgesetzt, angenommen, sofern, falls
- Contrastive Conjunctions: wohingegen, während, hingegen, dagegen
- '(an)statt dass' and 'ohne dass' (Different Subjects)
- Concessive Constructions: 'so Adj auch', 'wie auch (immer)', 'was auch (immer)'
- Advanced Infinitive Clauses (Perfect/Passive)
- Field Theory: Vorfeld, Mittelfeld, Nachfeld
- Topicalisation and Focus: Fronting for Emphasis
- Heavy Subject Extraposition (Es-Placeholder + Nachfeld)
- Multiple Subordinate Clauses: Nesting and Chaining
- Register: High vs Low (Spoken vs Written)
- Euphemism, Hedging, Diplomatic Language
- Word Families and Derivation Patterns
- Synonyms and Near-Synonyms: Distinguishing Nuance
- Abstract Nouns: -ung, -heit, -keit, -nis, -schaft, -tum
- Negation: Scope, Placement, Alternatives
- Advanced Comma Rules
- Capitalisation: Advanced Rules and Edge Cases
- Academic German: Features and Conventions
- Anglicisms and Denglisch: Awareness and Usage
- 'sein' + Partizip II: Idiomatic and Dual-Reading Uses
- Double Participle Constructions and AKK IV Patterns
- Modal Verbs in Perfekt: Full Mastery of Ersatzinfinitiv
- Futur II: High-Degree Epistemic / Deontic Use
- Lexical Precision: Advanced Verb Choices
- Participles as Adverbials (Partizipialsätze / Partizipialphrasen)
- Verb + Preposition: Subtle Shifts and Rare Combinations
- Konjunktiv I: Full Journalism and Academic Mastery
- Konjunktiv II: Literary / Archaic Synthetic Forms
- Complex Counterfactual Constructions (Konj. II)
- Wishful & Rhetorical Konjunktiv II
- Mode-Switching between Konj. I, II & Indikativ (Nuance)
- Heavily Extended Attributes
- Stylistic Choices in Sentence Bracket and Nachfeld
- Ellipsis and Gapping
- Stylistic Inversion (Literary)
- Anaphora, Cataphora and Textual Reference
- Evidentiality Markers
- Precision Reformulation Connectors
- Text-Structuring Connectors for Extended Discourse
- Literary Register and Style
- Journalistic Register and Style
- Legal / Administrative German (Amtsdeutsch)
- Irony, Understatement, Litotes
- Paronyms and Near-Homophones
- Neologisms and Anglicisms - Integration and Inflection
- Register-Based Synonym Selection
- Precision: Genitive vs von + Dative
- Relative Pronoun Precision
- Prepositions in Abstract / Figurative Relations
- Advanced Punctuation
- Advanced Capitalisation
What the german guide covers
Verb usage (55) · Prepositions (34) · Verb tenses (29) · Syntax (29) · Pronouns (27) · Conjunctions (23) · Konjunktiv (23) · Register (13) · Agreement (13) · Vocabulary (12) · Orthography (11) · Determiners (10) · Cases (8) · Connectors (5) · Vocab (3) · Numbers dates time (2) · Numbers (2) · Vocabulary usage (1)
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