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A171 topics
- · Three Genders (m/f/n) & How to Recognise Them
- · No Articles (a/the absent; definiteness via context)
- · Nominative — Subject & Citation Form
- · Accusative — Direct Object & Animacy
A263 topics
- · Aspect — The Core Concept (Perfective vs Imperfective)
- · Aspect Pairs (pisati/napisati, čitati/pročitati)
- · Perfectivising by Prefix (pisati → napisati)
- · Aspect in the Past (radio sam / uradio sam)
B163 topics
- · Prefixes that Add Meaning + Aspect
- · Secondary Imperfectives (-ava-/-iva-)
- · Suffix-Based Pairs (kupiti/kupovati, baciti/bacati)
- · Biaspectual Verbs (telefonirati, čuti, videti)
B258 topics
- · Telic vs Atelic Readings (čitao / pročitao)
- · Iterative & Frequentative Aspect (skakati, gledati)
- · Aspect under Negation (Ne čitaj / Ne pročitaj?)
- · Aspect in da-Complements — Subtle Choice
C130 topics
- · Subtle Genitive vs Accusative/Instrumental Choices
- · Numeral-Phrase Agreement — Advanced
- · Collective & Approximate Numerals
- · Ellipsis & Gapping in Coordination
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- Three Genders (m/f/n) & How to Recognise Them
- No Articles (a/the absent; definiteness via context)
- Nominative — Subject & Citation Form
- Accusative — Direct Object & Animacy
- Genitive — Formation (-a, -e endings)
- Genitive for Possession (knjiga mog brata)
- Genitive after Negated imati (Nemam vremena)
- Genitive after Quantity Words (malo vode, čaša mleka)
- Overview of the Seven Cases (N G D A V L I)
- Dative — Recipient / Indirect Object
- Dative — Experiencer
- Locative — Place (u, na, o + Locative)
- Locative — Formation (-u, -i endings)
- Instrumental — Means & Company
- Instrumental — Formation (-om / -em after soft)
- Vocative — Formation
- Vocative — Use in Address & Greetings
- The Serbian Latin Alphabet (latinica, 30 graphemes)
- The Special Letters č ć dž đ š ž
- The Digraphs lj, nj, dž (one sound, two letters)
- Distinguishing č and ć (hard vs soft)
- Serbian Digraphia: Cyrillic is the Official Script
- Ekavian: the jat Reflex is e (with -eo/-ela & i-before-j)
- Sound-Change Preview: sibilarizacija & palatalizacija
- Capitalisation (lower-case days, months, nationalities adj.)
- u / na — Accusative (motion) vs Locative (location)
- s / sa + Instrumental (with / accompaniment)
- od / do / iz + Genitive (from / to / out of)
- kod + Genitive (at someone's place / by)
- ka / k + Dative (towards)
- o + Locative (about / concerning)
- za + Accusative (for / beneficiary / purpose)
- Personal Pronouns — Nominative (ja, ti, on…)
- Personal Pronouns — Full vs Clitic Object Forms (mene/me)
- Possessive Pronouns (moj, tvoj, naš…) — Agreement
- The Reflexive Possessive svoj (one's own)
- Demonstratives ovaj / taj / onaj (this/that/yon)
- Interrogatives ko (who) & šta (what)
- Interrogatives koji (which) & kakav (what kind)
- Reflexive Pronoun se / sebe — Introduction
- Personal Pronouns — Dative Clitics (mi, ti, mu, joj)
- ti vs vi (informal vs formal/plural address)
- Greetings (Zdravo, Ćao, Dobar dan, Doviđenja)
- Politeness Words (molim, hvala, izvini / izvinite)
- Cardinal Numbers 1–100 (jedan, dva, tri … sto)
- Days & Months (lower-case; ponedeljak, januar)
- Telling Time — Basic (Koliko je sati? Dva je sata)
- Basic Word Order (SVO) & Clitic Second Position
- Yes/No Questions: da li / je li / li
- Wh-Questions (Ko? Šta? Gde? Kada? Zašto?)
- Negation & Obligatory Double Negation (Niko ne zna)
- Coordinating Conjunctions: i, a, ali, ili
- Basic Subordinators: da (that), jer (because)
- Present of biti — Full Form (jesam, jesi, jeste…)
- Present of biti — Clitic (sam, si, je, smo, ste, su)
- Negation of biti (nisam, nisi, nije…)
- Present — a-conjugation (-am: čitam, gledam)
- Present — i-conjugation (-im: radim, govorim)
- Present — e-conjugation (-em: pišem, idem)
- Present of hteti (to want) — hoću / neću
- Present of moći (can / be able) — mogu / možeš
- Negation with ne + Verb (ne radim)
- Present for Habitual & Scheduled Future (Sutra radim)
- biti as Copula + Predicate (Ja sam lekar)
- Possession: imati / nemati (Imam auto)
- Modals + da + Present (moram da idem)
- da + Present vs the Infinitive (da primary)
- sviđati se + Dative Experiencer (Sviđa mi se)
- trebati (to need / should) — basic
- Reflexive se — Introduction (zovem se, perem se)
- Aspect Awareness — First Look (pisati / napisati)
- Aspect — The Core Concept (Perfective vs Imperfective)
- Aspect Pairs (pisati/napisati, čitati/pročitati)
- Perfectivising by Prefix (pisati → napisati)
- Aspect in the Past (radio sam / uradio sam)
- Perfective Verbs Have No Present-Time Meaning
- Aspect after Modals + da (moram da uradim)
- Imperfective for Habit & Repetition (Svaki dan čitam)
- Perfective for a Single Completed Event (Pojeo sam jabuku)
- Adjective–Noun Agreement — Nominative
- Definite vs Indefinite Adjective — Nominative
- Adjective Agreement — Oblique Singular
- Full Singular Noun Declension
- Comparative Degree
- Superlative Degree
- Irregular Comparison
- Predicate Adjective Agreement
- Possessive Adjectives -ov/-ev/-in
- Plural Nominative Formation (-i, -e, -a)
- Genitive Plural (-a, -i, -∅)
- Plural D/L/I Syncretism (-ima / -ama)
- Accusative Plural (= Nominative form, no animacy)
- Adjective Agreement in the Plural (dobri ljudi)
- Irregular & Short Plurals (ljudi, deca, braća)
- Neuter Plural with -et-/-en- Extension (ime → imena)
- Plural Declension — Full Overview
- Large Cardinal Numbers (hundreds, thousands, millions)
- The Counted Form after 2, 3, 4 (the paucal)
- Genitive Plural after 5 and above
- Declension of jedan / dva / tri / četiri
- Ordinal Numbers (prvi, drugi, treći)
- Dates — Full Format (treći mart; 3. marta)
- Telling Time — Advanced (pola, i petnaest, do)
- Two-Case u / na — Motion (Accusative) vs Location (Locative)
- o / po — Locative (about / around) vs Accusative (po = to fetch)
- Instrumental Prepositions (s/sa, pred, za, nad, pod, među)
- Genitive Prepositions Extended (kod, pored, ispred, iza, ispod, iznad, zbog, bez)
- Dative Prepositions (prema, ka, nasuprot)
- za — Accusative (purpose / for) vs Genitive (during)
- Motion Prepositions Paired (iz↔u, sa↔na, od↔kod)
- Accusative Clitics (me, te, ga, je, nas, vas, ih)
- Clitic Order: Dative before Accusative (Dao mi ga je)
- Clitics in Second Position — Introduction
- The Clitic je — Position & je-Drop with se
- Reflexive se / sebe / sebi — Use
- The Relative/Interrogative koji — Introduction
- Declension of ovaj / taj / onaj
- Declension of Possessives (moj, naš, njegov)
- Clitic Cluster in Second Position
- Negative Concord with ni-words
- kad (when) & ako (if) Clauses
- da-Clauses: Purpose & Complement
- Cause Connectors: jer, zato što, pošto
- Concessive iako / mada (although)
- Temporal dok (while / until)
- Perfekat — Formation (auxiliary clitic + l-participle)
- Perfekat — Participle Agreement (radio / radila / radili)
- Perfekat — Negation (nisam radio)
- Perfekat — Clitic & Word Order (Juče sam radio)
- Futur I — Fused Spelling (radiću, pevaćeš)
- Futur I — Separate (ja ću da radim / ja ću raditi)
- Futur I — Verbs in -ći (doći ću, reći ću)
- Imperative — Formation (Radi! Pišite! Dođi!)
- Futur I — Plans & Predictions (Sutra ću putovati)
- Prefixes that Add Meaning + Aspect
- Secondary Imperfectives (-ava-/-iva-)
- Suffix-Based Pairs (kupiti/kupovati, baciti/bacati)
- Biaspectual Verbs (telefonirati, čuti, videti)
- Aspect with Phase Verbs (početi / prestati + impf)
- Aspect in the Imperative (Pročitaj! vs Čitaj!)
- Aspect & the Aorist (mostly perfective)
- Aspect & Motion-Verb Prefixes (ići→doći→otići)
- Aspect × Tense/Mood Compatibility Overview
- Genitive vs Accusative Object
- Instrumental: Means (no preposition) vs Company (sa)
- Recipient: Dative vs za + Accusative
- Locative (place) vs Accusative (motion) — Review
- Genitive in Time Expressions
- Instrumental in Time Expressions
- Vocative — Consolidation & Palatalisation
- Genitive with Numbers & Quantity — Review
- Consonant Alternations in Inflection (sibilarizacija, palatalizacija)
- Voicing Assimilation (jednačenje suglasnika po zvučnosti)
- Fleeting a (nepostojano a: otac→oca)
- l/o Alternation (posao→posla; radio→radila)
- Word Formation — Basic Derivation (-ar, -ica, -ost)
- Comma Rules — Basics (vocative, da/jer/koji clauses, lists)
- Ekavian vs Ijekavian — Variation (Recognition)
- Latin vs Cyrillic — Usage & Register
- Full Clitic Order (li / AUX / DAT / ACC / se / je)
- je-Drop with se (nasmejao se, not se je)
- The Interrogative li — Separate from the Cluster
- koji — Full Declension & Relative Use
- Relative Words (koji, što, čiji, gde, kada)
- Indefinite Pronouns (neko, nešto, neki, nekakav)
- Negative Pronouns (niko, ništa, nijedan) + Concord
- Possessive Dative (Boli me glava; Majka mu je…)
- Relative Clauses with koji
- Relative što (for clauses, neuter, colloquial)
- Reported Speech (Rekao je da…)
- Real Conditional with ako
- Unreal Conditional (Da znam, rekao bih)
- Purpose Clauses with da / kako bi
- Concessive Clauses (iako, mada, premda, makar)
- Temporal Clauses — Advanced (pre nego što, čim, otkad)
- Correlative Connectors (i… i; ili… ili; ni… ni)
- Consequence Connectors (zato, dakle, stoga, te)
- Adversative Connectors (ali, nego, već, međutim)
- Word Order & Information Structure — Intro
- Future II (budem + l-participle)
- Aorist — Formation & Colloquial Use
- Imperfect (Imperfekat) — Recognition (Literary)
- Pluperfect (Pluskvamperfekat)
- Conditional / Potential I (bih + l-participle)
- Past Conditional / Potential II (bio bih radio)
- Passive with the trpni pridev (Knjiga je napisana)
- se-Passive / Reflexive Passive (Knjiga se čita)
- Indirect Imperative (neka / nemoj da)
- Past-Tense Choice in Narrative (perfekat vs aorist)
- Prefixed-Perfective Motion (doći, otići, ući, izaći)
- The Verbs ići / hodati / šetati (go, walk, stroll)
- Reflexive se — Types (true / reciprocal / mediopassive)
- Modal Verbs — Full Use (moći, morati, smeti, trebati)
- da + Present vs Infinitive — In Depth
- Verb Government — Cases Required by Verbs (radovati se + dat)
- Impersonal treba / ima / nema (Ima ljudi; Treba raditi)
- Aspect Choice inside da-Clauses
- Telic vs Atelic Readings (čitao / pročitao)
- Iterative & Frequentative Aspect (skakati, gledati)
- Aspect under Negation (Ne čitaj / Ne pročitaj?)
- Aspect in da-Complements — Subtle Choice
- Perfective Present in Subordinate Future (kad stignem)
- Prefix–Suffix Aspect Pairing (dati/davati, kupiti/kupovati)
- Aktionsart / Lexical Aspect (ingressive, resultative, attenuative)
- Aspect Choice — Register & Stylistic Effects
- Genitive — Advanced Uses (partitive, qualitative, descriptive)
- Instrumental — Advanced (predicate, path, manner)
- Dative — Advanced (ethical, free, possessive, + adjectives)
- The Short (Indefinite) Adjective in Oblique Cases — Recognition
- Locative Precision (u/na/o/po/pri choices)
- Genitive Chains & Stacked Attributes (krov kuće mog brata)
- Apposition & Title Agreement (grad Beograd; reci Savi)
- Case of Numeral Phrases in a Sentence (sa pet ljudi)
- Wackernagel's Law — Full Treatment (Second Position)
- Clitic Cluster Order — je / se / Auxiliaries in Full
- Clitics with Negation (ne + clitic; nije ga video)
- Clitics with Modals + da-Clauses (Hoću da mu ga dam)
- Ethical & Possessive Dative Clitics
- da li vs li — Advanced (focus, register)
- First-Position Constraints (what can't precede a clitic)
- Common Clitic-Order Errors (se je; clitic first)
- Assimilation & Alternations in Derivation
- Jotation in Inflection & Derivation (jotovanje)
- Serbian Dialects — Recognition
- Latin & Cyrillic in Practice (mixed signage, transliteration)
- False Friends (with Croatian, Russian, English)
- Anglicisms & Their Integration (mejl, lajkovati, fajl)
- Word Formation — Advanced Suffixes (-stvo, -nik, -ština, -lac)
- Common Idioms & Set Phrases (pasti s konja na magarca)
- Relative Clauses — Oblique koji / čiji
- Verbal-Adverb Clauses — Present (radeći, …)
- Verbal-Adverb Clauses — Past (uradivši, …)
- Cleft & Emphatic Constructions (To je Marko koji…)
- Discourse Markers (dakle, naime, uostalom)
- Reformulation & Addition (drugim rečima, osim toga, takođe)
- Concession — Advanced (uprkos tome što, bez obzira na to)
- Text-Structuring Connectors (prvo, zatim, na kraju, s jedne strane)
- Word Order for Emphasis & Information Structure
- Conditional (potencijal) — Full Range of Uses
- Future II (futur II) vs Present in ako/kad-Clauses
- Passive Voice — Choosing trpni pridev vs se-Passive
- Passive Participle (trpni pridev) — Formation & Alternations
- Aorist vs Imperfekat — Contrast (Recognition)
- Pluperfect (pluskvamperfekat) — Use in Sequencing
- Narrative / Historical Present (pripovedački prezent)
- Mood Overview — Indicative, Imperative, Conditional
- Tense & Mood Sequence in Complex Sentences
- Verbal Adverb Present (glagolski prilog sadašnji -ći)
- Verbal Adverb Past (glagolski prilog prošli -vši/-avši)
- Verb Government — Advanced (prepositional rection)
- Impersonal Constructions (treba, valja, ima/nema + gen)
- se: Reflexive vs Passive vs Impersonal
- Modal Nuance: smeti / morati / trebati (may/must/need)
- Perception Verbs + Complements (Vidim ga kako dolazi)
- Infinitive / da-Clause as Subject (Pušiti je štetno)
- Subtle Genitive vs Accusative/Instrumental Choices
- Numeral-Phrase Agreement — Advanced
- Collective & Approximate Numerals
- Ellipsis & Gapping in Coordination
- Advanced Verbal-Adverb (Converb) Clauses
- Dislocation, Fronting & Marked Word Order
- Evidentiality & Stance
- Advanced Cohesion
- Advanced Concession & Correlatives
- Complex & Mixed Conditionals
- Pragmatic Particles
- Discourse Organisation — Advanced
- Literary Register & Style (inversion, archaisms, expressive forms)
- Administrative & Legal Serbian (kancelarijski stil)
- Journalistic Style (headlines, attribution, condensation)
- Irony, Understatement & Figurative Tone
- Register-Based Synonym Choice (kuća/dom; jesti/blagovati)
- Formal Address & Politeness — Advanced (persiranje, Vi-kapitalizacija)
- Aktionsart & Aspectual Subtlety — Advanced
- Double Prefixation & Aspect (porazbijati, ispoispitati)
- Complex Mood + Tense Interactions (bio bih morao da…)
- Avoiding/Choosing Passive & Impersonal (style)
- Archaic & Literary Verb Forms (imperfekat, narrative aorist)
- Subtle Modal Nuances (trebalo je / moglo je / smelo je)
- Derivation — Systematic Suffix Families & Semantics
- Aspect-Forming Suffixes in Word Formation (-ava-/-iva-/-ova-)
- Compounds & Combining Forms (parobrod, vodopad, jugoistok)
- Neologisms & Anglicism Integration (guglati, tvitovati)
- Paronyms & č/ć, dž/đ Minimal Pairs (spavaćica/spavačica; džak/đak)
- Prefixation Semantics (raz-, pre-, pro-, sa-/s-)
What the serbian guide covers
Cases (42) · Verb tenses (40) · Aspect (27) · Verb usage (26) · Syntax (23) · Connectors (19) · Pronouns (18) · Clitics (16) · Orthography (15) · Prepositions (14) · Register (13) · Agreement (11) · Vocabulary usage (11) · Numbers dates time (10)
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