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A173 topics
- · Present Tense - Group 1 (-ar verbs: tala, jobba, bo)
- · Present Tense - Group 2 (-er verbs: ringa, läsa, köpa)
- · Present Tense - Group 3 (-r verbs: sy, bo, tro)
- · Present Tense - Group 4 Strong Verbs (skriva, dricka, springa)
A264 topics
- · Preterite - Group 1 (-ade: talade, jobbade, kallade)
- · Preterite - Group 2a (-de: ringde, lärde, hörde)
- · Preterite - Group 2b (-te: köpte, läste, tyckte)
- · Preterite - Group 3 (-dde: bodde, sydde, trodde)
B164 topics
- · Preterite - Full Strong Verb Classes (Ablaut series: i-a-u, i-e-i, e-a-u, etc.)
- · Past Perfect (Pluskvamperfektum: hade + past participle)
- · Future Perfect (ska ha + past participle / kommer att ha + past participle)
- · Future-in-the-Past with skulle (han sa han skulle komma)
B268 topics
- · Strong verb ablaut classes — systematic treatment
- · Mixed and irregular verbs — comprehensive
- · Perfect vs preterite — register and time-reference refinement
- · Pluperfect in narrative anchoring
C131 topics
- · Subjective/evidential modals — full system
- · Advanced passive alternatives
- · Complex tense interactions
- · Advanced aktionsart (telicity, iterative, semelfactive, ingressive)
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- Present Tense - Group 1 (-ar verbs: tala, jobba, bo)
- Present Tense - Group 2 (-er verbs: ringa, läsa, köpa)
- Present Tense - Group 3 (-r verbs: sy, bo, tro)
- Present Tense - Group 4 Strong Verbs (skriva, dricka, springa)
- Present Tense - vara (är)
- Present Tense - ha (har)
- Present Tense - Common Irregular (göra, säga, gå, se, få, ge)
- Present Tense - Modal Verbs (kan, vill, ska, måste, bör, får)
- Imperative - Basic Form (Kom! Ät! Tala!)
- Infinitive with att (att äta, att gå)
- vara vs ha - Basic Distinction
- det är - Identity / There is/are
- det finns - Existence (there exists / there is)
- kan vs får (ability vs permission)
- måste vs ska (necessity vs intention/future)
- vill vs skulle vilja (want vs would like)
- Modal Verbs Take Bare Infinitive (no att)
- Present Tense for Future Meaning (with time adverb: I morgon åker jag)
- Liking with tycka om / gilla / älska
- Age with vara (Jag är 25 år) — not 'to have'
- Two Grammatical Genders - Introduction (en / ett, 'utrum' vs 'neutrum')
- Gender Must Be Memorised With Each Noun (~75% en, ~25% ett)
- Indefinite Article en / ett
- Suffixed Definite Article - Singular (-en, -n, -et, -t)
- Plural - Indefinite (5 declensions: -or, -ar, -er, -n, -Ø)
- Plural - Definite (-na, -en, -a)
- Common Irregular Plurals (man/män, bok/böcker, hand/händer, fot/fötter, mor/mödrar)
- Predicative Adjective Agreement (Bilen är stor / Huset är stort / Bilarna är stora)
- Attributive Adjective - Indefinite (en stor bil, ett stort hus, stora bilar)
- The Irregular Adjective liten / litet / lilla / små
- Possessives - Preposed Basic (min bil, mitt hus, mina böcker)
- Demonstratives den här / det här / de här and denna / detta / dessa
- Subject Pronouns (jag, du, han, hon, hen, den, det, vi, ni, de)
- Object Pronouns (mig, dig, honom, henne, hen, den, det, oss, er, dem)
- de vs dem in Writing; dom in Spoken Swedish
- den vs det (referring back: en bil → den / ett hus → det)
- The Gender-Neutral Pronoun hen
- Possessive Pronouns (min, din, hans, hennes, dess, vår, er, deras, sin) - Introduction
- Interrogative Pronouns vem / vad / vilken / vilket / vilka
- Indefinite Pronoun man (one, you-impersonal, we-general)
- Place: i vs på (Basic)
- Movement: till vs från (to / from)
- Basic Directional Adverbs hit / dit / hem (motion toward speaker / a place / home) vs här / där / hemma (location)
- Companionship: med vs utan (with / without)
- Origin: från vs av
- Time: klockan X, på morgonen / kvällen / natten
- Time: på måndag, i januari, år 2024
- Basic för (purpose, beneficiary, duration: för två dagar sedan)
- Verb-Second (V2) Word Order in Main Clauses
- Subject-Verb Inversion after Fronted Element (I morgon åker jag / Nu äter vi)
- Basic Subject-Verb-Object Order (declarative)
- Yes/No Questions (Verb First)
- Wh-Questions (vem, vad, var, varför, hur, när, vilken)
- Questions about Subject (Vem kommer? - no inversion)
- Coordinating Conjunctions (och, eller, men, för, så, utan)
- Time Sequence (först, sedan, sen, därefter, efteråt, till sist)
- Addition Markers (också, dessutom, även, plus)
- Negation with inte - Main Clause Position (after finite verb)
- ingen / inget / inga (no one / nothing / no - adjectival)
- aldrig vs inte längre / inte mer (never / no longer / no more)
- inte heller (neither / not either)
- Tag Questions (..., eller hur? / ..., va?)
- jo as Answer to a Negative Question (yes-contradiction)
- The Three Extra Letters å, ä, ö
- Double Consonants Mark Short Vowels (mat vs matt, hela vs hella)
- Basic Capitalisation (sentence start, names; days/months/languages/nationalities are lowercase)
- Basic Punctuation (period, question mark, comma in lists)
- Universal du - Why Swedes Don't Use Ni Anymore (du-reformen)
- Greetings (Hej, Hallå, God morgon, God dag, Hej då, Vi ses)
- tack-Phrases (tack, tack så mycket, ja tack, nej tack, varsågod, snälla)
- Silent Letters (och = /ɔ/, det = /de/, mig/dig/sig = /mɛj dɛj sɛj/, jag = /jɑː/) - Recognition for Listening
- Cardinal Numbers 1-100 (modern: tjugoett, tjugotre)
- Days, Months and Seasons (måndag, januari, vinter — all lowercase)
- Preterite - Group 1 (-ade: talade, jobbade, kallade)
- Preterite - Group 2a (-de: ringde, lärde, hörde)
- Preterite - Group 2b (-te: köpte, läste, tyckte)
- Preterite - Group 3 (-dde: bodde, sydde, trodde)
- Preterite - Group 4 Strong (drack, fann, kom, tog, skrev, sprang)
- Preterite - vara (var) and ha (hade)
- Present Perfect - har + supinum
- Supinum by Group (-at, -t, -tt, strong patterns: -it/-ett)
- Preterite vs Present Perfect - Basic Distinction
- Future with ska vs kommer att vs Present
- Past Meaning of Modals (kunde, ville, skulle, måste, borde)
- Modal Verbs in Present Perfect (har måst, har velat, har kunnat)
- Reflexive Verbs with sig (tvätta sig, sätta sig, glädja sig)
- Reflexive with Movement (lägga sig, resa sig, sätta sig)
- Progressive: håller på att + infinitive (also: håller på och + finite)
- Habitual: brukar + infinitive
- Basic Meanings of få (receive / be allowed / manage to)
- Basic Meanings of bli (become / passive auxiliary preview)
- Negative Imperative (Gör det inte! / Gå inte!) - Position of inte
- Adjective - Definite Attributive (den stora bilen)
- Double Definiteness (den stora bilen) - Introduction
- Weak Definite -a vs -e for Masculine Animate (den lille pojken vs den lilla flickan)
- Full Adjective Paradigm Review (en stor bil / ett stort hus / stora bilar / den stora bilen)
- Comparative (-are)
- Superlative (-ast / definite -aste)
- Irregular Comparison (god/bättre/bäst, gammal/äldre/äldst, lång/längre/längst)
- Periphrastic Comparison with mer / mest (intressant → mer intressant)
- Adjective Form after Possessive (min stora bil — weak form)
- Adverb Formation from Adjective with -t (snabb → snabbt, lycklig → lyckligt)
- Reflexive Pronouns - Full Paradigm (mig, dig, sig, oss, er, sig)
- Reflexive Possessive sin / sitt / sina - Introduction
- sin vs hans / hennes (Anna läser sin bok vs Anna läser hennes bok)
- Relative Pronoun som (Subject and Object)
- Possessive Pronouns - Full Paradigm with Agreement (min/mitt/mina, etc.)
- Demonstratives den där / det där / de där and denna / detta / dessa (register)
- Indefinite Pronouns någon / något / några (some / any)
- Reciprocal Pronoun varandra
- Multiple Uses of av (agent, material, of/from, cause)
- för - Time, Beneficiary, Duration, Reason (för två veckor sedan / för att)
- Multiple Uses of om (about, in/within time, if-question; om två veckor = in two weeks)
- hos (at someone's place: hos läkaren, hos mig)
- vid (next to, at, by means of)
- Motion vs Location Pairs - Full System (in/inne, ut/ute, upp/uppe, ner/nere, fram/framme, bort/borta, hem/hemma) and the verb-pair correlation (gå in vs vara inne)
- Countries & Cities: i Sverige vs på Island vs till Sverige
- Transport (med bil / med tåg / på cykel / till fots)
- Subordinating att (that)
- Subordinating eftersom vs för att vs för (because / since)
- Conditional om (if)
- Temporal när vs då (when - present/future vs single past)
- Subordinate Clause Word Order - Introduction (subject before negation/adverb)
- The BIFF Rule: inte Before Finite Verb in Subordinate Clauses (..., eftersom jag inte kommer)
- Sentence-Adverb (satsadverbial) Middle-Field Position (ju, nog, väl, bara, faktiskt, tyvärr, kanske) - Main vs Subordinate
- Indirect Questions with om / wh-Words
- Short Answers with do-support equivalents (Talar du svenska? — Ja, det gör jag / Nej, det gör jag inte; Är hon hemma? — Ja, det är hon)
- Causal Adverbs (därför, alltså, så) - main clause connectors with inversion
- Concessive Adverbs (ändå, dock, trots allt)
- Common Confusions: att vs och vs å (infinitive marker / 'and' / colloquial att)
- Compound Spelling Basics (sammanskrivning: skrivbord, inte skriv bord)
- Comma between Clauses (after subordinate clause first; before men)
- The sj-Sound /ɧ/ and tj-Sound /ɕ/ - Spelling Variants (sj-, skj-, stj-, sk + i/e/y/ä/ö, ch- in chock; tj-, k + i/e/y/ä/ö, kj-)
- Email/Letter Greetings and Closings (Hej / Med vänlig hälsning / Mvh / Bästa hälsningar)
- Common False Friends with English (gift = married/poison; rolig = funny; bra = good)
- Ordinal Numbers and Dates (3 maj, den 21 juni, den 1:a)
- Telling Time (klockan är tio över tre, halv fyra=3:30, kvart i fem)
- Preterite - Full Strong Verb Classes (Ablaut series: i-a-u, i-e-i, e-a-u, etc.)
- Past Perfect (Pluskvamperfektum: hade + past participle)
- Future Perfect (ska ha + past participle / kommer att ha + past participle)
- Future-in-the-Past with skulle (han sa han skulle komma)
- Conditional with skulle / skulle vilja + Infinitive
- Conditional Perfect (skulle ha gjort)
- Preterite vs Present Perfect - Refined (definite past time vs experience/relevance)
- Historical/Narrative Present
- Progressive Alternatives (sitter och läser, står och väntar, ligger och sover)
- Subjective/Evidential Modals (ska = it is said / lär = it is reported / måste = must logically / kan = could be)
- Advanced få (få göra, få till, få med sig)
- bli for Change of State (bli arg, bli gammal, bli klar)
- Inherently Reflexive Verbs (skämmas, ångra sig, glädja sig, kjede sig, må)
- Deponent -s Verbs (Active in Meaning, Passive in Form: hoppas, finnas, trivas, minnas, lyckas, träffas)
- Particle Verbs - Basic Pattern (gå ut, ta upp, sätta på)
- Particle Stress and Meaning ('köra 'ut literal vs köra 'ut figurative; trycks med betoning på partikeln)
- tycka vs tro vs tänka - Full Distinctions
- kommer att vs ska (prediction vs intention/plan)
- -s Passive in Present (Brevet läses, dörrarna öppnas)
- bli-Passive in Present (Brevet blir läst)
- bli-Passive in Past (Brevet blev läst / har blivit läst)
- S-passive vs bli-passive: aspect and register
- Stative passive with vara
- Agent in passive with av
- Passive with modal verbs
- Hortative passive: 'låt oss + verb' and impersonal 'man'
- Double definiteness — full system and exceptions
- No double definiteness with possessive/demonstrative
- Definite form with body parts, family, times of day
- Past participle as adjective
- Present participle (-ande/-ende) as adjective and noun
- Relative som with stranded preposition
- Relative vars (whose) and vilken/vilket/vilka (formal)
- Sin/sitt/sina — full disambiguation rules
- Expletive det — advanced uses
- någon vs ingen — subtleties in negation and questions
- Verb + preposition: common combinations
- Adjective + preposition combinations
- Noun + preposition combinations
- Stranded prepositions in questions
- Stranded prepositions in relative clauses
- Compound prepositions
- Figurative på vs i
- Advanced temporal prepositions
- Subordinate clause word order — full system
- Inte placement — main vs subordinate, pronouns vs full NPs
- Relative clauses — full system
- Cleft construction: Det är X som...
- Pseudo-cleft: Det som... var/är X
- End-field adverbial order: manner-place-time
- Reported speech — tense backshift
- Temporal subordinators: innan, efter att, medan, tills, ända tills
- Purpose: för att vs så att vs så
- Concessive: även om, fastän, trots att
- Consequence: så ... att, sådan ... att
- Comparison: som vs än
- Särskrivning errors — when to compound
- Long compounds — reading and building
- Advanced comma rules
- Spoken vs written Swedish
- Register levels: vardagligt, neutralt, formellt
- Common Swedish collocations
- Word formation: prefixes and suffixes
- Percentages, fractions, large numbers
- Strong verb ablaut classes — systematic treatment
- Mixed and irregular verbs — comprehensive
- Perfect vs preterite — register and time-reference refinement
- Pluperfect in narrative anchoring
- Future perfect — practical use
- Counterfactual conditional — present
- Counterfactual conditional — past
- Modals in perfect — nuance
- Advanced aspect periphrases
- Systematic treatment of få
- Advanced låta
- Systematic treatment of bli
- kommer att vs skulle — subtle distinctions
- Modal chains
- Light verb constructions
- Pseudo-copular verbs
- Particle verbs — advanced meaning shifts
- Position-placement verb pairs
- Lexical aspect / Aktionsart in Swedish
- -s passive across all tenses
- Bli-passive across all tenses — review
- Vara vs bli passive — aspect contrast
- S-passive for general/habitual statements
- Få-passive (recipient passive)
- Passive alternatives with man
- Avoiding doubled passive errors
- Passive with particle verbs
- Extended adjective phrases
- Parallel adjectives
- Complex subject-verb agreement (collective nouns)
- Quantifier concord (mycket vs många, lite vs få, all/allt/alla, hel/helt/hela)
- Sin in complex clauses — binding conditions
- Relative choice: som, vilket=summative, det som, vad som
- Demonstrative vs personal anaphora: han vs den vs denne
- Indefinite compound phrases: något slags, någon sorts, vad som helst, vem som helst
- Constructions with egen / eget / egna (own)
- Advanced verb + preposition (rektion)
- Advanced adjective + preposition
- Formal compound prepositions
- Figurative / abstract preposition use
- Till as genitive-like (colloquial possession)
- -s genitive (formal/productive)
- Subtle preposition pairs
- Advanced topicalization
- Long-distance extraction
- Extraposition — full system
- Cleft and pseudo-cleft — full system
- Inversion after main-clause adverbs
- Inversion after negative adverbials
- Advanced relative clauses
- Reported speech — advanced
- Active ↔ passive transformations
- Advanced contrast connectors
- Advanced consequence connectors
- Advanced condition connectors
- Academic Swedish register
- Business Swedish register
- Journalistic register
- Major dialect features awareness
- Finlandssvenska — recognition and key differences
- The 'dom' question — sociolinguistic awareness of de/dem vs dom
- Pitch accent (accent 1 vs accent 2) — recognition for minimal pairs
- False friends with German, Norwegian, Danish
- Advanced collocations
- Common Swedish idioms
- Common Swedish proverbs
- Anglicisms — integration and inflection
- Advanced capitalization
- Subjective/evidential modals — full system
- Advanced passive alternatives
- Complex tense interactions
- Advanced aktionsart (telicity, iterative, semelfactive, ingressive)
- Overlap of få / låta / bli in causative-permissive space
- Idiomatic / opaque particle verbs
- Heavily extended participle attributes
- Information structure — theme/rheme, given/new, focus
- Ellipsis and gapping
- Stylistic inversion (literary)
- Anaphora, cataphora and textual reference
- Evidentiality markers — advanced
- Precision reformulation
- Text-structuring connectors for extended discourse
- Literary register and style
- Legal / administrative Swedish (kanslisvenska / klarspråk)
- Irony, understatement, litotes
- Finlandssvenska — reading comprehension and key translation issues
- Advanced dialect features
- Archaic and old-fashioned register
- Sociolects and youth speech
- Relative pronoun precision — advanced
- Prepositions in abstract / figurative relations
- Subtle definiteness choices
- Advanced punctuation
- Word order stylistic choices in main clauses
- Paronyms and near-homophones
- Neologisms and anglicisms — advanced
- Register-based synonym selection
- Creative and long compounds
- Advanced idioms and set phrases
What the swedish guide covers
Syntax (54) · Verb usage (44) · Verb tenses (40) · Prepositions (32) · Agreement (28) · Pronouns (27) · Register (19) · Passive voice (14) · Orthography (12) · Vocabulary (12) · Connectors (5) · Determiners (4) · Numbers dates time (4) · Phonology prosody (2) · Vocabulary usage (1) · Numbers (1) · Phonology (1)
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